Does the predestination dominate in beingness?
Keywords: Creation, hologram, predetermination, randomness, time, universe, otherworldly, consciousness, alive, person.
To this day, the debate continues: is our world predetermined or not in its existence in time?
This debate is meaningless, since the question of the origin and essence of the temporal process in beingness remains unresolved.
If previously science objectified time, despite the fact that Kant believed that time was tied to the observer: “Time is therefore merely a subjective condition of our (human) intuition (which is always sensuous, that is, so far as we are affected by objects), and in respect of all phenomena, consequently of all things which come within the sphere of our experience, it is necessarily objective. We cannot say, “All things are in time”, because in this conception of things in general, we abstract and make no mention of any sort of intuition of things. But this is the proper condition under which time belongs to our representation of objects. If we add the condition to the conception, and say, “All things, as phenomena, that is, objects of sensuous intuition, are in time,” then the proposition has its sound objective validity and universality a priori” [1; 1.1, §6]; “It is nothing more than a form of our inner contemplation. If we eliminate the particular condition of our sensibility, then the concept of time will also disappear; it is inherent not in the objects themselves, but only in the subject who contemplates them ”[ibid., §7]; "... the concept of change and, along with it, the concept of movement (as a change of place) are possible only through the concept of time and in the concept of time ... the concept of time explains the possibility of all a priori synthetic knowledge that sets forth the general doctrine of motion" [ibid, §5 ], then now, after Einstein's discovery of differences in the course of time depending on the reference point of one or the other observer moving at different speeds, scientists' confidence that time is just a form of certain processes, or a condition for the possibility of changes, has greatly shaken.
Nevertheless, and now it is considered that reality, at least for inhabitants of Earth, is a sequence of events with a virtually unchanging time flow, within which all processes, including the most complex, have no effect on the uniform, continuous, and constant "flow" of time.
They are supported in this opinion by the external form of the development of existence (the universe) from the Big Bang with the expansion of the universe to the entirely possible, according to physicists, final dispersal due to the law of non-decreasing entropy, that is, the transition from a certain orderliness of the global system of the universe to chaos.
Such considerations, while at first glance quite convincing, are, however, incapable of answering the following questions.
Where did the universe we know come from, with its inherently minimal entropy and subsequent self-motion and change of matter, based on the second law of thermodynamics. According to it, the spontaneous transfer of heat from colder bodies to hotter ones is impossible, which in itself cannot but imply a unidirectional arrow of time. This alone refutes some hypotheses that time can flow backwards, or that it is a pure illusion devised by our imagination, or that the flow of time is circular, or that time, once initiated by someone or something, will end.
Where did the energy for the Big Bang's initiation come from, and what or who— randomness, God or something else was the author of this initiation?
How is the finite universe known to us connected, perhaps, with an infinite number of universes like ours, and all of them - with that part of Creation that falls out of their row, that is, is outside the current time in every universe?
Are other universes at different stages of change and development, if they exist, and how is this change and development controlled and coordinated and how is it related to the current time and information? or is its change and development spontaneous? but then what does the information and time have to do with it?
Why is alive the unchanging subject of immeasurable structural complexity in the universe—and apparently in every universe? - and what is the role of living beings in the change and development of the material world (beingness), since without them, it essentially becomes non-beingness?
Why is the apparent predetermination of everything in existence, due to the law of causality, in fact impossible, just as the dominance of randomness in beingness is impossible?
If we assume that the law of non-decreasing entropy for the entire universe will lead to its complete disintegration and dissipation, does this mean the end of the world as such?
True, it is obvious that no, since the same universe arose as a result of the “explosion” of some formation with minimal entropy, that is, maximum energy, and this is enough for its entire multi-billion-year existence up to dissipation, which cannot but raise the question: where did for this initiation and development come from such colossal energy?
This question, in essence, contains the answer: this energy can only come from infinity, especially since an infinite series of universes by itself cannot but draw energy from that same infinity. But how? Modern physics cannot explain this, as it is captivated by formal logic and reliance on experiment, as well as by a failure to understand that the organs of senses of a person and him thought apparatus are biologically limited and that no artificial intelligence can help transcend them, especially since the physical limits of what are being presented to us are also limited.
***
Nevertheless, several thousand years ago Plotinus proposed a way out of this seemingly hopeless situation, providing general answers to at least some of the questions posed above.
First of all, in the opening section of his work, The Enneads, "What is Animal and What is Man," Plotinus asks: "And finally, what is this principle in us that inquires or compels us to inquire, poses questions, and answers them" [2, 1.1].
And he answers this question, referring to human consciousness, which he calls the soul, thus: "... it (and this is none other than the Soul) gives itself to spatial bodies, no matter how large they are, animating them and the entire Creation as a whole; and although the Soul is one, it appears in many bodies, illuminating them and creating animals not from itself, but, remaining unchanged, as if gifting them with its images" [ibid.].
Further, Plotinus, in essence, states that if we are particles of the world soul, then, possessing it, we cannot help but touch it in an intelligible way without any experiments, that is, having discovered our connection with it, we will be able to a certain extent to define it and ourselves: “So, let us take a closer look, and if we really discover in the energies that guide us the same striving towards the intelligible, eidetic principle, which is clearly manifested in our nature, then it means that the search is complete and in the rational area of the world Soul we have found the source of the world order, and the homeland of our virtues” [2, 1.2].
Plotinus has also specified the “place”, into which the soul “dwells” before returning to the body: “... it is in no way in space ... Therefore, being everywhere, it exists in that which is nowhere, and, thus, it is everywhere” [3, V. 2, 1-2].
Plotinus very clearly outlined the orientation of the soul to change itself by means of own activity in beingness - exactly for this the soul is forced to leave the otherworldly: “And this activity, which flows from the essence (everything and nothingness), is the soul, that has become this, meanwhile “that” remains unchanged, for the mind also arose, while the predecessor of it remained unchanged. But the soul creates, not remaining unchanged, but being set in motion, it gave rise to an image. So, in spite of, what it sprung from, it is filled and, entering into other and opposite motion, gives rise to an image of itself - a sensation. But nothing is taken away and cut off from the preceding "[3, V. 2, 1-2].
Thus, Plotinus has guessed, at least, the non-spatial nature of consciousness (soul) and the need for it to be plunged into beingness, enlivening some of its passive components.
That is, Plotinus has outlined the clear direction (intention) of consciousness toward beingness for its own change, and he has also noted the possibility of the exploration by oneself, i.e., by the same a person, who always reflect in one way or another the world Soul (the single Consciousness), within ourselves.
Thereby, by connecting beingness and the otherworldly, we gain the opportunity to explain, to a certain extent, the meaning of our animation and largely limited existence within the framework of being, which nevertheless provides everything for both us and a single consciousness.
Plotinus's speculative reasoning about the soul, which we now understand as consciousness, clearly contradicts both materialism and religious concepts of God as this surprisingly for many, have been confirmed comparatively recently by at least two discoveries in physics.
First, it was discovered that the human brain does not produce consciousness, but rather is a receiver of some kind of signals from an unknown source, which it processes in much the same way as a computer.
Second, the group of Alain Aspect at the Parisian university in 1982 has revealed that in particular conditions the elementary particles, for example, electrons, are able to instantly communicate with one another regardless of the distance between them. In other words, each particle knows always that another does, irrespective of distance between them. On this experimental basis the theory of the holographic Universe was developed. Any particle of this Universe is a holographic projection of the single reality. It has been assumed, as a corollary of this theory, that the physical density of the world is holographic frequency setting, and, in particular, that a person is the hologram.
The physicist of the London University David Bohm deduces the main postulate out of this experiment: "The new form of comprehension probably can be called the Inseparable Wholeness in Flowing Motion"[4].
The principle of the hologram "all in each part" allows approaching to problem of the organization and the regularity in a new way in essence. The hologram shows that some things in the Universe do not give in to research by an analytical method: to dissect any subject and to study its constituents. If we cut something arranged holographically, we will not receive parts of which it consists, and we will receive the same, but it will be less accuracy, the same hologram itself is a high-frequency formation as a product of superposition of several coherent waves, giving a stationary interference pattern, since the difference in the phases of the waves does not change.
In this regard the interpretation of works Aspect by Bohm is as follows: he is sure that the elementary particles interact at any distance not because they exchange by certain mysterious signals among themselves but because their separation is illusory. He has explained that at some point a deeper level of reality such particles are not separate objects, and actually the particles are extensions of something more fundamental [ibid.].
By doing so, these discoveries, on the one hand, turned over all traditional notions of consciousness as a product of the human brain
and also that the universe exists on its own, that is, without an external surrounding. On the other hand, they merely confirmed the validity of Plotinus's speculative constructs. This, in turn, indicates that, in accordance with the "all-in-one" principle of holography, consciousness, represented by Plotinus as the soul, essentially has reflected in its in the general form of the system of Creation, as well as the role of consciousness (soul) and its spread both outside of space, that is, outside of the current time, and in humans, as well as in any other living being, within the framework of beingness in the current time. It even has reflected the process of cognition through sensations, with the preservation in the memory of a single consciousness, which he calls the World Soul, of all that has passed.
All this allows us to find answers to the questions posed, somewhat having concretized the picture of Creation as follows.
***
Neither the Universe nor all living beings are independent and unique entities, if only because the given initial energy that initiated the emergence of the Universe could only have emerged from somewhere external, outside of time, since prior to the emergence of the Universe, the current time did not exist. Furthermore, all living beings are so complex, as yet incomprehensible to science, just as the process of their initiation (revitalization) is incomprehensible, that one must, willy-nilly, assume, once again, the influence of an external entity on their initiation.
That which can exist outside of time, yet unite with itself all formations in the current time, cannot but be a hologram, that is, a frequency formation, since only a hologram can, as it were, fragment into an infinite and relatively autonomous number of particles that nevertheless form a single whole, in accordance with the hologram's "all-in-one" principle.
Creation can be represented as a system consisting of a collection of finite objects, manifesting in the current time infinity, which we call beingness, and along with that incorporating a structure outside the current time. These two formations cannot be completely separated. Therefore, a kind of informational bridge connecting a timeless infinity and beingness can be considered a projection of a timeless infinity in the form of a hologram, hidden from our view because it represents ultra-high-frequency entities beyond the frequency attainable in our dimension, mutually in opposite phase. As a result, they as if neutralize each other, representing in this respect, like a timeless infinity, an infinite nothingness, but only integrally.
Nevertheless, each "half" of these wave-like high-frequency formations, emerging and being separated in one way or another, can serve as a reservoir and transmitter of information, like radio waves in the ether, linking a timeless infinity and beingness, and also supply energy the initiation of an infinite series of universes.
Thus, one can imagine that a timeless infinity contains within itself, in an unmanifested form, that is, potentially, everything which can be conditionally divided into active (consciousness) and passive (inanimate), fused together. However, it is, as nothingness in itself, incapable of the separation and manifestation. However, its projection, as an informational bridge for the active, connecting a timeless infinity and beingness, is capable of the separation.
This projection is a super-high frequency formation hidden from our view, since its frequency goes beyond the frequencies that can manifest themselves in the universe, namely: frequency structures in the world (being) known to us in hertz cannot be greater than 10 with an exponent of 43, in accordance with the fact that it is impossible to measure a time interval less than 10 with an exponent of -43 seconds (Planck time).
That is, our material world is knowable from macro-objects, obeying the laws known to us, to micro-objects (the quantum world), also obeying certain laws, but only up to certain limits, which depend not only on the capabilities of the brain and sensory organs, but also on the physical limit inherent in the microworld - the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which in itself indicates a given limitation of beingness, which in reality represents a kind of testing ground for changing the active in the form of alive in a given infrastructure of the universe, that is, in the current time, which is formed by the single consciousness of the hologram through living beings, the only ones capable of this, since only they, due to their special structure, can convert information into time.
What is interesting is that our existence is a sign that a timeless infinity does manifest itself in the form of beingness known by us, which is a collection of finite objects that are in the current time and interact within the framework of a given energy in accordance with the law of conservation of energy (the first law of thermodynamics): the total amount of heat communicated to the system during the cycle in which the system returns to its original state is equal to the work it has done.
The first and second laws of thermodynamics seem to set the basis for the stable functioning of the universe (being), but not for its development, since the entropy of the system only increases, which means that development does not concern inanimate objects, but can only be attributed to living things, which are already capable of using the energy extracted by them from the decay products of inanimate objects, as well as information that only living things are capable of extracting from everything thanks to the means they have for maintaining themselves in being, and therefore for their own change and development, which can be either conscious or not due to own dissatisfaction with the present.
From this model it follows that the beingness known to us (the universe with all its accessories) necessarily coexists, or more precisely, interacts through alive as a representative of the active (consciousness) in beingness, with a timeless infinity through its projection, in the form of a finite formation with the current time, which is being formed by alive from the incoming to relevant sense organs from a timeless infinity through its projection of successive information-energy packets (impulses), the pause between which is not perceived (it falls out) by the sense organs of living beings due to a certain duration of processing of each packet, creating a continuous "flow" of time for each living being, like a movie on a screen, shown on the basis of separate frames scrolling in a projector, as a result of which the energy and information from the information packets are converted into corresponding objects of beingness for each living being, and the general background, or rather, the infrastructure in which living beings find themselves on the corresponding exoplanet, is formed by their entire set under the control of a single consciousness of the hologram in each universe.
From this it is clear that time itself and its unidirectionality are a consequence of the conversion of energy-information packets sequentially arriving into the sensory organs of living beings into beingness with all its contents and therefore is irreversible, unique and general locally, that is, for each exoplanet, manifested in the periodic movement of planets around their luminary, but at the same time, for each living being it manifests itself as its own current time, in which it is located during its life, but this being does not notice it, fixing in particular, as a person, only the general, or external planetary (calendar) time.
From the above briefly presented information-holographic model of Creation from three necessary components based on the active (consciousness) and passive (non-living), which can be examined in more detail, for example, in my work “Everything and Nothingness” (www.litres.ru), there necessarily follows the regularity of the functioning of each universe, which is defined in such a way that living beings are able to exist, change and develop in it, each of which is a kind of alliance of a particle of active (single consciousness) and a certain way structured organics.
This particle of a single consciousness (individual consciousness) makes each organism, on the one hand, autonomous and dynamic in its actions in a certain environment, but, as a rule, not satisfied with it in search of the best, on the basis of information that allows you to control the change in the position of a living being in this environment in accordance with own the process of thinking being carried out on the basis of sensations.
On the other hand, the very existence of a living being, which is such only due to the presence of consciousness in it, is provided by an information bridge (a holographic projection of a timeless infinity), connecting a individual consciousness with a timeless infinity, containing potentially all the information necessary for the functioning of Creation through its manifested part - beingness.
This out-of-time information bridge, on the basis of an ultra-high-frequency wave-like hologram through the corresponding harmonics in the corresponding its harmonics automatically transmits information requests of the living being to a timeless infinity, extracting from it the corresponding responses for the same living being, and also accumulates all the information passing through it, thereby containing information about everything that has passed and giving "food" for the present.
Thus, a holographic projection of a timeless infinity is not only an informational bridge between alive and a timeless infinity, but also a storage for information about everything that was happening to alive in during time of a given universe's existence, as well as the initiator of the emergence of one or the other universe after its disintegration due to the law of non-decreasing entropy for localized closed systems.
All these universes exist in current time, that is, in their manifest state, not synchronously, but out of sync. Consequently, the initial and final stages of their existence, in the conditions which alive cannot exist, are controlled through alive from other universes by the infinite single consciousness of the hologram, since the hologram unites all existence into one - outside time, thus having access to any point Creation.
It seems that all this action should proceed smoothly, lawfully, and predeterminedly, but for some reason, chance always intervenes, disrupting this predetermination, which stems from causality, which in turn follows from the specific and unidirectional flow of energy-information packets into the sensory organs of living beings.
Besides, all objects of beingness, as the same beingness itself in the form of the universe, are subject to decay; that is, they are finite, not infinite, unlike the active (single consciousness) of the hologram.
***
This phenomenon also finds an explanation within the presented information-holographic model of Creation.
The renewal of every object of beingness has a limit, which occurs for all its objects, including living beings, when purely statistically inevitable disruptions in the process of this ultra-high-frequency renewal occurring in their frequency-wave basis lead, over time, to a disorganization of the organism's functioning. The organism then becomes unfit for the presence of consciousness, which then leaves it, thereby establishing the death of the body but along with that also - a renewal of consciousness which immediately manifests in a new body for some other life, having forgot the previous life. This is needed, in particular, not for a person, but precisely for the development of consciousness in a new form and under new circumstances.
Such disruptions in the frequency-wave basis of beingness are the true cause of the destruction of the body, and, in general, the cause of the disintegration of all objects of beingness, which therefore cannot exist forever.
Nevertheless, through these finite objects of beingness, and not otherwise, occur the manifestation in the form of beingness of a timeless infinity, delivering through its holographic projection the information copies of all objects of beingness, including each individual consciousness, which living beings convert into beingness itself.
In addition, the death of living beings means a discrete renewal of each individual consciousness, which allows it to develop differently in a new living being, and so on - ad infinitum.
Thus, one can imagine that Creation consists, as it were, of three layers - an infinity outside time, its holographic projection and beingness, in which the living beings are located.
It is interesting that in this version Creation turns out to be stable and manifests itself in the form of beingness with the living beings acting in it.
However, science holds a different opinion about the structure of Creation. Scientists believe, that the space around us with moving objects in time, that is, being felt by us, is nothing more than only one objective reality. which does not have any layers completely hidden for us. They also believe that this Creation-beingness in which exoplanets are located consists of an infinite number of universes. But they are unable to satisfactorily explain how they arise.
We, on the contrary, assume that Creation does not coincide with beingness, being eternal and infinite due to its special structure, which together with beingness includes two more specified layers. All of them, together, by their interaction, ensure, first of all, not their own existence, but the existence of the objects that is able to perceive, process and transmit information, being always active for this reason.
Therefore, only it - this active - can be the basis of Creation, which exists, in fact, only for the development of the active (in beingness, the active is consciousness in alive).
The active, by definition, cannot stop in the consumption of information flows, always requiring additional portions of information for its own change in them, in what and is concluded its ability to develop, since everything else (passive) can only support this development, having no self-sufficiency, but being an equal component of Creation, which can be both a carrier of information and an infrastructure that ensures the existence and development of consciousness without which the active is also not able to manifest, and in this respect, the active and the passive are equal and main objects of Creation in the streams of information.
It is the active (consciousness in beingness), associated with the passive in beingness, that turns out to be included in the information flows, and is able to convert the information coming in the form of successive packets-impulses to the sense organs of the carrier of consciousness (alive), recorded on the wave-like formations of the hologram, into denser material objects, thereby forming both beingness itself and the living beings in it.
The basis of the association of the active and the passive in beingness is a formation of the passive matter in the form of molecular complexes, containing sensory organs, information processing centers, as well as a genome containing appropriate programs for the growth of existence and development of a being in a certain environment.
It is only through this structural formation of the passive matter that consciousness gets the opportunity to flow into the flows of information, using them. Therefore, consciousness, as it were, covers the structural formation formed and updating by it from passive matter, more precisely, it makes this complex lively, connecting it with the single consciousness of the projection of timeless infinity and thereby energizing all components of this formation, which begin to function according to the program laid down in genome, starting from the embryo.
That is, the active (consciousness) does not unite directly with the structure formed by it, being another - the most organized wave matter of the hologram, but, like a source of energy for a radio receiver, connects the revitalized structure through itself to the hologram, which is an information bridge, connecting alive with an infinity outside time.
These awakened complexes in the form of living beings, which are a key element of beingness, with the means available to them decrypt and select from the incoming sequential encoded data packets information suitable for their existence, and then convert it into their own surrounding in the form of objects of beingness together with a single consciousness, more precisely, with the help of a single consciousness of the hologram, participating thereby in the formation of all beingness in the course of its incessant renewal from the initial stage of each universe to the final.
As a result, it turns out Creation to be able to express itself through an infinite set of finite objects of beingness in the form alive by means of the interaction of the active (consciousness) and the passive (things) both in the current calendar (general) time, and in own current time of each of the active (living) beings, that is, beings, possessing consciousness, and these beings cannot become infinite in this current existence of finite objects in the form of always up-to-date present , unlike consciousness, which is only temporarily present in a living body, more precisely, accompanying it and guiding it.
***
The paradox of own time of the highest form of living beings, capable in the form of a person to realize themselves in the current time and take advantage of it, lies in the fact that his consciousness, being within the framework of external time, along with that is being kept all his life in his present, despite the fact that in relation to external time, which is cyclically repeated (day, years), every moment of his life immediately goes away forever.
The absolutization of randomness, apparently, arose during the development of quantum theory, according to which processes among atoms are fundamentally random, which was supported by the vision of bifurcation points, opening up various paths of qualitative transformations due to their extreme instability, that can be interpreted as the kingdom of randomness.
However, the practice of historical processes has shown that randomness only complements necessity.
A person does not live in a quantum world. His world is adapted for life precisely due to the interaction of randomness and necessity, and randomness only complements necessity, being for the most part a manifestation of a necessity that is still hidden. This is precisely its role at bifurcation points that seem to be pure randomness in their manifestations, but in fact turn out to be those variants of changing existence, in this case, of a a person in his communities, which correspond to the level of development of his consciousness and, therefore, the adaptation of everything around him to this level.
The consideration of Creation in isolation from alive, i.e., the active, quite naturally leads it either to the Creator or to randomness, i.e. - to some external, which in itself denies the self-activity of alive (the active). The same thing happens with the problems of the origin of living beings and a person, the beginning of which is again sought either in the Creator or in chance in the form of, for example, mutations and one or another change in the conditions of existence.
The contradictory and one-sided nature of similar approaches is also reflected in the fact that, in contrast to physicists and biologists, philosophers have understood the problem of necessity and randomness quite clearly since ancient times, having applied their approach quite adequately precisely to the existence of living things, according to which randomness is nothing more than the result of an event that is unpredictable at the given moment, but nevertheless inevitable due to its necessity in the future. Therefore, we have to talk only about the probability of some event precisely because in the world, as a rule, there are no direct lawful connections between interacting subjects.
The initial uncertainty of the origin of a particular randomness is quite rightly reflected in the theory of information by its maximum entropy.
This reflects the ignorance of the true causes of what is happening in life by those who observe the manifestation of randomness, and therefore they attribute it to something external, while necessity is hidden behind it, although the absolutization of necessity is also meaningless, since the frequency nature of the basis of beingness cannot do without distortions and failures, which automatically provoke the emergence of unpredictable, uncertain or chaotic situations in beingness, qualified as randomness, and also limit the duration of stay of any object of beingness in the current time.
Therefore, it can be said that ignorance of the true causes of what is happening or impossibility of knowledge that leads, as shown above, to the Creator or uncertainty of one kind or another.
However, one thing is clear: outside of the current time, it is pointless to talk about universes and some kind of origin of life in them. The universes themselves outside of the current time, - and this time does not exist by itself, but is a derivative of information, and is produced by living beings, - are just non-existence.
This means that beingness is possible only in the current time by converting information packets (impulses) to the living. Therefore, beingness does not require a beginning initiated by someone or something, if it is inseparable from nothingness, or a timeless outside of time [see, for example, 5].
***
The development, which is being initiated by living beings differs precisely in that the new order becomes more complex, and living beings themselves change and become more complex in accordance with it, using energy from their own surrounding, that is, reducing entropy for themselves by increasing the entropy of own surrounding. Thus, they gain a greater degree of freedom, receiving more pleasant and diverse sensations, rather than just survival.
This is achieved most successfully by the human communities that, unlike other living beings, act knowingly, that is, quite purposefully, eliminating, in their opinion, disorder or the order that does not suit them, in such way as to receive, unlike what was before, greater benefit for themselves, as well as greater space to realize own interests and intentions. However, due to the lack of possibility of endless ordering of one’s own environment and oneself towards improvement, a person in his communities always reaches so-called the point of singularity, in which his biological nature is unable to adequately perceive and transform the ever-increasing flows of incoming information into own consciousness, into in particular, due to the limited capabilities of one’s own brain.
The result of this process of manifestation of negainformation is a series of erroneous decisions that chaotize his environment, that is, they radically increase entropy, as a result of which the system created by the human communities is destroyed, leaving the surviving people to begin their development anew, if remaining natural environment allows this.
Thus, the outbreak of entropy growth, manifested in the regular chaotization of the human communities in the form of civilization, carries a positive meaning, which is manifested in the fact that the development of the human communities does not go into bad infinity, but proceeds strictly cyclically, allowing consciousness in the form of alive to be passing discretely civilizational stage of its own development, the most favorable for the same development and change.
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2. Плотин. Эннеады. УЦИММ-ПРЕСС, 1995-96.
3. “Plotini Enneades”, ed. Volkmann, I – II. V 2, 1-2. Lipsia. 1883-1884.
4. 1980. David Bohm, Wholeness and the Implicate Order, London: Routledge, ISBN 0-7100-0971-2.
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