Formation of atoms

FORMATION OF ATOMS BASED ON THE HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTY OF MAGNETIC LOOP BIFURCATION IN THE PHENOMENON OF HYDROMAGNETIC DYNAMO.
Kulak L.A. (Antoniya Ilyinskaya)

Member of the International Public Organization PU IAIT, engineer, independent researcher in the field of Fractal Synthesis and Linguistic Physics of the corresponding sector of the International Institute of Humanitarian and Ecological Projects (IHEP) as part of the International Academy of Information Technologies (PU IAIT).
Florida, USA. Toronto, Canada. Minsk, Belarus.
Email: antoniyau@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT.

This paper examines the issues of model representation of the phenomenon of a self-generating hydromagnetic dynamo. Along with the main existing models, a new model is proposed based on the hydrodynamic property of bifurcation/fibration of a magnetic loop and, as a consequence, doubling of its magnetic flux. It is proposed to consider the original magnetic loop in a geometry that has an inverse closure topology. This variant of the geometric representation of a magnetic loop corresponds to the universal principle of natural dualism, which is based on the ontology of the principle of complementarity, the physical embodiment of which is the phenomenon of magnetism.
The paper analyzes two main previous models of a hydromagnetic dynamo proposed by Nobel laureate H. Alfv;n and scientist Ya. Zeldovich, and voices those questions that require more specific answers. The paper shows how the proposed new model of a hydromagnetic dynamo answers these questions and reduces both previous models to a common denominator based on natural universalism.
Together with the proposed model of transformation of the magnetic loop through the method of its bifurcation, the conclusion is made that this method of doubling the magnetic flux is a method of forming baryonic matter from ether monopoles, that is, a method of forming atoms.
Along with this, and taking into account the proposed new visualization of magnetic lines, the new model can also contribute to the development of engineering thought in matters of creating stellarator designs, and also changes the view of the internal planetary structure and the processes that occur in the cores of planets and stars.

"The hydromagnetic dynamo apparently operates in all planets with liquid conducting cores. The main task is to clarify the nature of the movements and build specific dynamo models." [4]
"Of all the services that can be rendered to science, the introduction of new ideas is the most important." Nobel laureate Joseph John Thomson
"Previously, it was believed that physics describes the universe. Now we know that physics describes only what we can say about the universe." Nobel laureate Niels Bohr.

The history of the development of the study of the hydromagnetic dynamo phenomenon has its stages and difficulties to overcome, which were mainly initially associated with conflicting opinions on the very possibility of the spontaneous generation of a hydromagnetic dynamo, as well as with scientific positions regarding the existence of a supporting cosmic medium.
As is already known, the spontaneous generation of a hydromagnetic dynamo primarily requires the presence of a turbulent environment. However, given the facts in the history of the scientific worldview, when science underwent periods of refusal to accept the existence of any cosmic environment at all and theories were built on the basis of its absence, this significantly slowed down the process of developing ideas about the existence of the hydrodynamo phenomenon as such, as well as their theoretical design.
The history of the discovery of the hydromagnetic dynamo phenomenon, as well as the history of the question of the comprehensiveness of the phenomenon of magnetism itself, includes the following facts.
"The idea that plasma motions can lead to an increase in the magnetic field was put forward in 1919 by the English physicist J. Larmor, who was also engaged in the issues of explaining cosmic magnetism and made some assumptions. Joseph Larmor realized that if we do not involve some unknown fundamental interactions, then the only thing left to explain cosmic magnetism is the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
This was a time of rapid development of the automobile industry, so the concept proposed by Larmor was named after one of the parts of a car engine. This is how the idea of a dynamo arose. But the scientific implementation of D. Larmor's idea turned out to be quite complex.
E. Fermi (1949), considering data on the distribution of cosmic rays, came to the conclusion that our Milky Way galaxy is a giant magnet, and later such magnetic fields were discovered by radio astronomy methods in a number of spiral galaxies." [39]
In the well-informed popular science publication Quanta Magazine, one of the relatively recent articles (July 2, 2020) devoted to the still unsolved mysteries of space began with the following words:
"Every time astronomers invent a new way to search for magnetic fields in ever more distant regions of space, for some inexplicable reason they always find them.
These force fields surround the Earth, the Sun, and all galaxies. Twenty years ago, astronomers began to detect magnetism that permeates entire clusters of galaxies, including the giant intergalactic spaces between clusters.
Invisible magnetic field lines permeate space everywhere." [38]
“If we accept the truly amazing phenomenon of cosmic magnetism, which permeates the space of the universe on all scales, simply as a fact of nature, then the most astonishing thing in the above quotation will be the words about the “inexplicable causes” of this phenomenon, since the situation in modern physics is still such that scientists simply do not know, and therefore cannot clearly explain that universal natural structure that generates and maintains the all-pervading structures of cosmic magnetism.
Scientists have various models on this subject, but the explanations there differ significantly, and it has not yet been possible to convincingly prove which of the models is closest to the truth.” [39]
In the self-consistent concept [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35], it is proposed to consider the units of the etheric Quantum Medium – magnetic monopoles (magnetic loops closed through inversion) as sources of magnetism. The concept is based on the presence of a supporting cosmic medium, which I called the etheric Quantum Medium, and represents a matrix spin network of dynamic vortex nodes – magnetic monopoles – as seed elementals that are potential sources of magnetism and manifest it outwardly in the process of bifurcation with doubling of the magnetic flux, which is the act of formation of baryonic matter (atomic elements).
The process of bifurcation of magnetic loops-monopoles with doubling of the magnetic flux will be a self-generating hydromagnetic dynamo and a way of formation of atoms.
Today, in the scientific worldview, there are a number of theoretical proposals regarding the structure of the supporting cosmic environment, and in particular, the theory of “loop quantum gravity” – LQG – suggests considering the supporting cosmic environment as a spin network of dynamic matrix vortex nodes.
"Notable progress in quantizing the gravitational equations of general relativity was achieved only in the second half of the 1980s, thanks to the pioneering work of the Indian-American theorist Abhay Ashtekar. His important discovery was called "Ashtekar variables", which allows physics to be turned to a discrete view of space-time on a solid mathematical basis.
The main result of Ashtekar's discovery should be considered the birth of the so-called "loop quantum gravity" – a theory that proposed a new view of the structure of space-time." [40] [41]
In the late 1980s, relying on the results of A. Ashtekar, Carlo Rovelli and Lee Smolin studied the rewritten Einstein gravity equations for the microstructure of space. As a result of their calculations, they discovered that the minimum areas and volumes of regions in space cannot be arbitrarily small. The smallest value of the linear size, dictating the limits of reduction of area and volume, turns out to be directly related to the main constants of the universe – the speed of light, the gravitational constant, Planck's constant. [42][43][44]
"In passing, it can be noted that the entire course of construction of the LQG theory, although implicitly, recreates the features of the vortex microstructure of space. The term "loop" in the name of the theory itself refers to the lines of force of the field, which closes in microscopic loops. If we operate not with abstract fields, but with more realistic vortex movements of energy, then microscopic loops of the smallest size turn out to be the very vortex-granules that form the vortex sponge of space.
Thus, at a new stage and from other starting points, the ideas of K. Bernoulli and W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) are again present here." [46]
When K. Rovelli and L. Smolin outlined the "micro-vortex" physics of the theory, it turned out that this construction under the name "spin networks" was developed in the 1960s by the British mathematician and physicist Roger Penrose [45], who also tried to develop discrete approaches to the physics of space-time, operating with the connections between the quantum characteristics of particles. An important characteristic, according to R. Penrose, should be considered spin, which is related to both the energy and the spatial orientation of the object, which is also true for the description of the physics of granules in a vortex sponge.
"Although the apparatus of spin networks (the mathematics of graphs whose edges are assigned different spin values) was developed by Penrose for interacting particles, it turned out that after some modifications it can be very successfully deepened to describe the structure of space on smaller scales of the Planck length." [46]
Twenty years after these discoveries and a hundred years after the publication of K. Bj;rkens's work on hydrodynamics, an article by Gianfranco D'Anna and his colleagues, "Observing Brownian motion in vibration-fluidized granular matter", appeared in the August 2003 issue of Nature magazine. [47]
Their work focused on the study of Brownian motion in a fine-grained material under constant vibration. A material with such a fine-grained structure is called a so-called granular fluid.
It was demonstrated that such finely dispersed structures can have a set of properties that make the medium similar to a gas, a liquid, and a solid at the same time. But an important condition must be met – the granular medium must constantly be in a state of vibration. [48]
In other words, the described set of properties can be inherent in a medium that has a matrix (granular) structure and its structural units must be in a state of dynamic continuous oscillating motion. That is, such a discrete-continuous medium cannot in principle be in a state of equilibrium and in order to maintain its "liquid" state it always requires a constant supply of vibrational energy.
Thus, as the listed theoretical proposals show, in the step-by-step mode of development of scientific thought from R. Descartes, who was the first to propose the matrix structure of the etheric medium, a number of its main characteristics are revealed. It remains only to identify the cause of continuous and unceasing oscillations and to show where the supply of vibrational energy comes from.
In works [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35], as well as others [36], I have proposed a more detailed description of the dynamic vortex nodes of the matrix of the supporting space environment, as well as the reasons for their continuous oscillations.
These dynamic nodes are considered as magnetoelectric units and sources of magnetism and are presented in the form of magnetic loops with a topology of inverse closure (mirror asymmetric duality), in other words, in the geometry of the original Mobius strip with one turn. This idea corresponds to the universality of natural complementary duality, the physical embodiment of which is magnetism. Until now, no scientist has proposed to consider a magnetic loop closed inversely.
The closure of the magnetic loop into one topology through the turn leads to the effect of reconnections and, accordingly, the release of energy portions, and also according to the effect of the return of excitation energy – the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-(Tsingu) paradox – this process has the character of a continuous and non-stop oscillating movement, which, coming to a conditional certain starting point, is repeated again and again. In the repeating process of reconnections, the effect of the release-absorption of quanta occurs. This effect can be called the oscillating breath of the supporting medium.And the cosmic environment itself, due to the presence of such quantum breath, can be named the etheric Quantum Medium in the form of a kind of quantum liquid – magneto-plasma – in which all objects are formed from the matrix vortex units as seed elements. [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35]
Similar ideas in describing the supporting cosmic ьувшгь as consisting of magnetic units with quantum activity were put forward by predecessors and contemporaries – Nobel laureates H. Alfv;n, who called the cosmic filling of magnetic particles “living plasma” [20] [21] [22], and F. Wilczek, who pointed to the presence of a primary ingredient that is constantly filled with quantum activity and from which everything else is formed [29].
The above-mentioned works show that the matrix units of the etheric Quantum Medium – magnetic loops with inverse closure – are magnetic monopoles that undergo transformation into magnetic dipoles, which are the basis of baryonic matter. Such a transformation with the formation of atomic elements is the phenomenon of the hydromagnetic dynamo.
Due to the proposed geometry and dynamics of the activity of such magnetic units that make up the fabric of space, the supporting cosmic Medium will be indirectly turbulent and all conditions for the spontaneous generation of a hydromagnetic dynamo will be met in it. These conditions are: a liquid medium, a turbulent nature of motions that do not have mirror symmetry, topological properties of flows, respectively topological complexity, as well as average helicity and non-axisymmetric convective motions. All these conditions are provided by the matrix structure of the etheric medium and are mediated by the framework properties of its primary ingredients – magnetic monopole units, topologically closed through inversion. [31] [34]
In addition to what is described in the proposed concept, as well as in addition to other theoretical proposals and as evidence for the ideas and hypotheses put forward, new research tools ultimately lead to increasingly clear ideas about the comprehensiveness of magnetism that permeates the entire cosmos, respectively about the physical nature of the supporting cosmic environment and its structure and, as a consequence, about the phenomenon of a self-generating hydromagnetic dynamo. [17] [18] [19]

In the history of science, two main models of the hydromagnetic dynamo are known – this is the model of the Nobel laureate H. Alfven and the model of the scientist Ya. Zeldovich.
In 1950, Hannes Alfven published a paper of historic importance, "A Discussion of the Origin of the Magnetic Fields of the Earth and the Sun" [1], in which he first described his model of the generation of the cosmic dynamo, which, along with Zeldovich's eight of 1971, still serves as the basis for most modern models and theories.
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