Awakening the Eye of Unity
This book explores questions such as:
• Do the pineal’s microcrystals serve as instruments of inner perception?
• Why did mystics call this organ “the seat of the soul”?
• What are the mysterious flames of colour that arise behind closed eyes?
• How did spiritual adepts awaken this inner eye — and why is darkness the gateway to light?
To those who see what others do not,
whose ancient Eye of Unity
glimpsed the colours of the unseen.
May these words give you the confidence
to honour the truth of your perception.
THE VISION OF COLOUR
Many people who undergo inner transformation on their spiritual Path eventually notice perceptions that fall outside the ordinary visual range — flashes of light, colours seen with closed eyes, or luminous forms arising from within. These phenomena have a scientific name: photisms, “the appearance of light and colour sensations not caused by optical perception.” Medical science has not yet been able to explain them.
Ever since my own early experiences of extraordinary colour perception nearly thirty years ago, the subject of photisms has occupied me deeply. The first time they appeared was while I was reading the Roerichs’ Agni Yoga. Suddenly I began to see a bright blue colour in the form of pulsating rays right before my eyes — an intense, transparent blue reminiscent of the bluish flame at the base of a candle.
The 13th;century Persian Sufi Najm ad;Din Kubra was likely the first to write about photisms. He described them as coloured streams of light perceived on the path of transformation, serving as indicators of a person’s spiritual state.
In his treatise The Blooms of Beauty and the Fragrances of Majesty Najm ad-Din Kubra writes that unearthly lights of various colors can be seen with closed eyes, for such perception belongs to the organs of supersensible vision. He says, “Friend, close your eyes and see what you can see. If you tell me that you can’t see anything, you’re mistaken. You are able to see, but the darkness of your nature is so strong that it obstructs your inner vision”.
Kubra explains that to perceive with closed eyes, one must first reduce or eliminate certain aspects of one’s lower nature. This inner work is a spiritual battle — the effort to overcome the “enemies” of unrefined nature, the lower soul, and the whisperings of the ego.
Kubra likens the human condition to being at the bottom of a deep well, immersed in darkness, veiled from one’s true destiny. The situation would be hopeless were it not for the spark of Divine light within, calling the seeker back to the Creator.
He describes the stages encountered during the ascent from this well. As the five senses transform into organs of super;perception, photisms of specific colours appear. The emergence of blue or azure signifies the stage of firm confidence. Green is the most important colour, for it is the colour of the awakening spiritual heart.
The vision of photisms marks an expanded range of perception reaching out to the spectrum of subtle energies. All human beings possess this ability in a dormant state, though in most people it remains unclaimed. After all, why would a caveman need to perceive a supernormal frequency of blue while running from a tiger? In such a moment, he needs adrenaline, good coordination and correct assessment of shapes and distances – no inner luminosity.
Yet such a faculty is inherent in human design, which means it can be awakened. Some people discover it when their subtle body receives a boost - after yoga, tai chi or acupuncture. Others encounter it during an intense contact with a Master, or through specific inner exercises. The question then becomes: how can we apply this new faculty once it awakens?
Apparently, it can help protect and develop the subtle body, just as perceiving the shape and speed of a tiger protects the physical body. In the subtle realm, it is not physical form but vibrational quality that is perceived through non;optical vision.
For me, an appearance of black or dirty red, for example, usually indicates contact with lower energy essences of the supra-physical world, while light and bright colours correspond to higher vibrational entities. The former require protection — a prayer or invocation of a Divine Name. The latter are helpers and guardians; we call them angels. Their presence is a blessing.
For a long time, with my eyes closed, I saw blue. Later it shifted to sea;green or cyan. Nowadays I most often see a glowing green — the colour I chose to represent myself on my social media pages.
Let us now set off on our journey and discover which organ in the physical body is responsible for these unusual colour perceptions, and whether there is a way to learn more and awaken this extraordinary vision within ourselves.
To do so, we will begin by travelling back in time — to the dawn of evolution, as far back as the age of dinosaurs.
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WHAT THE THIRD EYE SEES
Guess how many eyes does a person need for a happy existence?
“Two” seems like the obvious answer, but if it were correct, would the question even be asked?
Perhaps one is enough? After all, one-eyed creatures do exist on Earth. Cyclops crustaceans manage perfectly well with a single frontal eye, just like the mythical beings of ancient Greek lore from which they take their name.
So how many eyes do we truly need? Surprisingly, the correct answer is three. And this is not the claim of Himalayan sages, but of biologists and physiologists. Let us see where our third eye is, and why we need it.
Do you know that dinosaurs were three-eyed? This is not a joke.
Even more astonishing: fish, amphibians, birds and mammals - including humans – all possess not two organs of vision, but three. The third one, however, is not quite like the other two. In reptiles, amphibians, and fish, this parietal eye lies beneath the skin at the top of the skull.
The only living creature today whose third eye still looks outward is the baby tuatara – a remarkable “living fossil” that has survived since the age of dinosaurs.
We can only guess what this organ looked like in ancient species. But we know that the parietal eye of modern fish and reptiles is not fundamentally different from their regular eyes. It has an external lens, a vitreous body, a retina-like layer with light-sensitive cells, and a choroid. It connects to the brain via an optic nerve, responds to light, and can even distinguish colors - especially in the blue and green spectrum.
Although many ambiguities remain in the studies of the parietal eye, one thing is certain: this unpaired eye does not transmit images. Instead, it detects changes in illumination and sends signals to the pineal gland – the body’s “endocrine clock” - helping regulate biorhythms such as sleep, wakefulness, thermoregulation, and reproductive cycles. There is also evidence that the parietal eye responds to the Earth’s magnetic field and to polarized sunlight , aiding spatial navigation like a built-in compass.
If you place a light bulb into a shark’s mouth, the glow becomes visible from its parietal eye – the tissue is that transparent. In frogs and toads, the third eye appears as a small bright spot between the two regular eyes.
Has this perhaps given rise to medieval legends about a miraculous gem hidden in a toad’s head – a jewel whose radiance shines through bone? Shakespeare alluded to this belief:
Sweet are the uses of adversity,
Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous,
Wears yet a precious jewel in his head.
Let us keep this image of a “precious stone in the head” in mind – it reflects reality in a surprising way, including in humans. We will return to it later.
Yes, the human body has preserved something akin to the third eye of reptiles. One wonders whether the ancient Egyptians knew this when they placed the royal uraeus – the serpent of divine sight - so that it touched a precise point on the forehead.
In humans, the pineal gland is the remnant of a true third eye. In early embryonic development, it even forms with a lens, photoreceptors, and nerve cells. It a two-months-old embryo, this unpaired eye could theoretically protrude from the top of the head, just as it does in lizards. But within weeks it regresses, losing its lens and retina, and sinks deep beneath the cerebral hemispheres, becoming the tiny pineal gland.
The pineal lies roughly 12 cm behind the point between the eyebrows. No larger than a fingernail, this reddish-brown organ is named for its resemblance to a pine cone. Perhaps in honor of its mysterious properties, Greek mystics carried staffs topped with pine-cone-shaped handles - the “rods of Bacchus”- during their ceremonies.
People often call the pineal gland the “third eye”, although physiologically little remains in it from the true eye. Yet despite lacking a lens, the pineal is still photosensitive, just as it is in fish and reptiles. Until recently, scientists believed that in humans it could not detect visible light directly, but only received illumination signals from the regular eyes via the hypothalamus.
However, studies in the recent decades suggest otherwise. Proteins responsible for the retinal photosensitivity have been found in the pineal gland, raising the possibility that it may indeed perform some form of phototransduction - receiving and transmitting light signals.
All components of light perception - the two eyes, the pineal, the hypothalamus, and the visual centres - are intimately interconnected. This is not surprising: in the human embryo, they all arise from the same single protrusion of the diencephalon. The pineal gland is inseparable from the visual system, both in humans and in lizards. Pathology in the pineal often coincides with visual dysfunctions. For years, researchers studied the eyes and the pineal separately, but the discovery of their connection brought these fields together, revealing unexpected similarities — including the presence of photoreceptors.
What makes the third eye special? Unlike two regular eyes, it perceives more than visible light. It is sensitive to infrared, ultraviolet, and other electromagnetic and gravitational waves. Some researchers hypothesize that this organ enables animals to anticipate earthquakes and natural disasters by detecting anomalous radiation from the Earth’s crust.
Did ancient reptiles need this faculty on a volcanically active Earth? Likely so. Do humans need it now? In principle, yes - but for reasons unknown, sensitivity to pre-seismic gravitational anomalies has been preserved in only a small number of people. Some individuals perceive these vibrations (gravitational waves) as humming or buzzing, even when no external sound is present.
(Keep this peculiar “buzzing without a sound source” in mind - it may be caused by vibration of the pineal itself. We will return to this when discussing practices for developing the “third eye”).
Our regular eyes are limited to seeing only the visible light - a narrow band of the electromagnetic spectrum. The third eye, however, “sees” with eyes closed or open: it detects the pulsing of magnetic field, streams of cosmic particles, and other forms of radiation, including those not electromagnetic. These vibrations may be translated by brain into bright flashes of light - photisms (sometimes called phosphenes, though the terms are not identical). A photism is the perception of non-optical stimuli as light or colour. Whether in animals experience photisms is unknown, but many humans do.
My own perception of photisms resembles flashes of a bright white, like plasma, or deep blue, like the base of a candle flame. They appear and vanish almost instantly, difficult to hold for more than a second. Over the years, in conversations with many people, I discovered how common this phenomenon of seeing photisms is - though few dare to speak of it.
It is important to distinguish photisms from the bright spots produced by pressing on the eyes or bumping the head — those are mechanical impulses from the retina and occur in everyone. Photisms are something else entirely.
As the Russian poet Nikolai Gumilyov wrote: “And here is light, and there are other lights...” What did he mean by those “other lights”?
What do you see when you close your eyes in complete darkness? Some say: “Nothing, just blackness.” Others see bluish grey spots or faint flickering sparks.
There are also people - mentally and physically healthy - who report seeing star-like flashes, lightning-like streaks, geometric shapes, or arabesques of colour with their eyes closed.
The Sufi teacher Omar Ali Shah, who taught in the West in the past century, once mentioned that he often saw white flashes when he closed his eyes. I believe he was referring to photisms.
I first experienced photisms at around twenty-five, and it came as a bit of a shock. Later, as the white or blue flashes became more frequent – eventually daily - the initial excitement faded. I discovered I could use them as a detector.
Photisms intensified during concentration exercises, encounters with certain people, or visits to sacred places. I realized they reflected the nervous system’s response to the presence of vital energy - including frequencies our civilization barely understands.
These energies may come from beyond Earth; they may be endogenous - produced by our own body, - or be generated by other people. Most strikingly, the brightest white flashes always accompany the state of unconditional love. I wish I could dwell in this state more often - but it is the goal of the Path on which I am only a beginner.
My experience showed that photisms are not random irritations of the visual centre. They seem to be the inner being’s way of evaluating the nature of energy it processes. Before an onset of certain health problems, I begin to see a sort of “black holes” (negative energy) - dark spots with reddish edges tearing through the usual bluish background. For me, this is a signal to gather myself and rebuild inner energy through prayer or meditation, as much as the circumstance allows.
Over time, I met others with similar perception, and found more references to photisms in literature, including scientific studies.
Few people know that many astronauts report photisms in space. According to a NASA study , eight out of ten astronauts saw mysterious flares — usually with eyes closed. These were attributed to high-energy cosmic particles penetrating the spacecraft’s shielding as Earth’s magnetic protection weakens.
But while the astronauts’ flashes can be linked to cosmic radiation, how would we explain photisms seen by prisoners in dark cells or by speleologists deep underground? A speleologist Michel Siffre, who in the 1960s spent over two months in an underground cave, reported periodic visions of bright flashes unrelated to normal vision. The light phenomena in his case were in no way related to normal vision and appeared spontaneously while he was performing routine tasks.
In cases of prisoners and speleologists alike, the regular visual system was suppressed by darkness. Could this activate an “extra-optical” vision – a dormant signalling mechanism that translates energy impacts into visual impressions? Are cosmic rays the only cause?
After all, why do I – a person living neither in a cave nor in space – see photisms?
One hypothesis suggests that these flashes arise from biophotons emitted by retinal cells in darkness. But this fails to explain cases where blind people reported seeing colour photisms , while the connection between their retina and the optic nerve was completely disrupted. This phenomenon is hard to relate to the retina-emitted biophotons. On the other hand, if the pineal gland indeed possesses some phototransduction abilities, why could it not send signals to the brain that are interpreted as visual images?
The neurophysiology of photisms remains poorly understood. No one can say with certainty where they originate, or which brain structures perceive them. I cannot either - but I have many reasons to suspect that the tiny pineal gland, the main organ of “extra-optical” vision, plays a certain role. As we have seen, it is the third eye in our “little animal brothers” that detects vibrations beyond visible light - from electromagnetic to gravitational.
Perhaps we can find more clarity by asking: WHAT makes a brain’s organ a detector and resonator of spatial waves?
And perhaps it’s time to recall Shakespeare’s “precious jewel in his head”. Legends often contain a kernel of truth. The third eye of frogs and lizards gleams like a jewel because of the microcrystals that give it a silvery shine.
As it turns out, our pineal also contains crystals - and their mysterious function will be our next subject.
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“A PRECIOUS JEWEL IN HIS HEAD”
There is scientific evidence that many of the properties attributed to the “third eye” arise from a scattering of tiny calcium-based crystals within the pineal gland.
The existence of this so-called “brain sand” was recorded in anatomical treatises as early as the time of the Roman physiologist Galen, although the function of this substance remains mysterious even today. Microcrystals of calcium compounds are found in the pineal gland of most adults, but are absent in very young children and people suffering from certain mental disorders (such as schizophrenia).
This has traditionally led researchers to suspect that pineal “sand” plays a role in the functioning of consciousness.
Contemporary physiologists generally do not dispute the traditional view that calcium formations contribute to the biophysical and magnetic properties of pineal tissue, and that their absence may impair full mental activity. On this point, scientists and mystics are surprisingly aligned.
Manly Hall, a Freemason scholar, wrote in the early twentieth century: “This sand is the key to the spiritual consciousness of man. It serves as a link between consciousness and body. [...] A small child lives mainly in invisible worlds. […] Gradually certain manifestations of his higher consciousness are absorbed into the physical organism and crystallize into the fine sand found in this gland” .
A similar idea appears in Helena Roerich’s Agni Yoga, which describes crystallizations of psychic energy - “ring-se ” - deposited in various organs and nerve channels, especially in the pineal gland.
Roerich writes in Hierarchy: “The Tibetan ‘ring-se’ has a deep meaning, like a crystal deposited by the manifestation of grace. Of course, it is difficult to study the substance of grace during life, because one cannot touch the heart and brain”.
According to her book Heart, the “luminous substance” on the surface of the pineal gland is “the transformation of energy into consonant crystals”.
With the rise of computer technology, an intriguing hypothesis emerged that pineal crystals might function as biological memory cells. According to this view, grains of sand begin to appear in children when the brain’s operative memory becomes insufficient to store accumulated experience, prompting impressions to be recorded in biocrystals like data on auxiliary disks.
Two facts support this hypothesis: first, enormous amounts of information can indeed be stored in tiny crystals, and second, the structure of pineal grains can reveal aspects of an organism’s physiological history, much like tree rings. However, the idea that pineal crystals can serve as memory cells remain unproven.
Two Russian scientists proposed another bold hypothesis that pineal grains act as carriers of an informational hologram from which our physical matrix unfolds in time and space. But if this were true, similar microcrystals should exist in the cells that receive holographic images and translate them into DNA - but they have not yet been found.
While researchers debate these theories, the public often asks a more practical question: what role does brain sand play in the aging and mental decline that often accompanies pineal calcification? Is brain sand healthy or harmful?
The answer is both yes and no — because not all brain sand is the same. Harm arises not from brain sand itself, but from the excessive and disordered accumulation of one particular type.
In reality, the pineal gland contains at least two distinct kinds of calcium formations.
The first type has been known to anatomists for centuries: mulberry-like grains of hydroxyapatite, a calcium-based mineral that forms teeth and bones. Hydroxyapatite deposits can grow pathologically in the pineal gland due to metabolic disorders or exposure to certain chemicals in food and water, inhibiting its functions.
But there is another type of pineal grain, completely different in structure and chemical composition.
In the 90s, a group of Israeli scientists discovered crystalline formations of cubic, hexagonal and cylindrical shapes in the pineal gland. Their edges were sharp, their surfaces rough.
Chemical analysis revealed that these crystals were calcite (CaCO3). The research team wrote:
“Calcite microcrystals are likely responsible for the previously observed second harmonic generation [increase in the frequency of the received wave signal] in sections of pineal gland tissue. The complex structure of microcrystals can lead to breaking of crystallographic symmetry and piezoelectric effects. We believe that the presence of two different crystalline compounds in the pineal gland is biologically significant, as it suggests two completely different mechanisms of occurrence and biological functions”.
This is a remarkable observation. What distinguishes a crystal from an amorphous agglomerate, and why is the discovery of pineal microcrystals so important?
A crystal is a highly ordered molecular structure. It receives and emits energy in a concentrated, coherent manner, isolating a clear signal from the background noise. This is why quartz crystals are used as a key component of electronic devices. Although higher organisms make little use of silicon, we synthesize calcium compounds that, while less perfect than quartz, still possess the necessary order.
Crystals also have the ability to convert one type of energy into another – a property known as piezoelectricity. What is the piezoelectric effect?
When a biocrystal is subjected to mechanical stress (pressure from brain fluids, sound, or other vibrations), it releases that stress as electromagnetic waves or light. Calcite crystals, for example, emit light in the blue-green spectrum when stressed (Atari, 1982). This property is called piezoluminescence and is a possible explanation for the mysterious phenomenon of photisms.
If, like me, you see photisms or phosphenes - flashes of blue, white, or other colors when your eyes are closed or in complete darkness - you may be witnessing photons released by pineal microcrystals in response to internal or external energy impulses. Vestigial photoreceptors in the pineal may still transmit light signals along nerve pathways to the visual cortex.
Piezoelectricity also works in reverse. If you charge a crystal with electromagnetic waves - “pumping” it with energy - it begins to vibrate. These mechanical vibrations can be amplified and converted into acoustic ones; this was the principle behind the earliest crystalline radios. By selecting the size of the crystal, one can tune it to a desired frequency, allowing it to receive signals without external power.
This raises the question: could biocrystals in the pineal gland, tuned to specific parameters, receive certain spatial waves and translate them into vibrations the brain can perceive?
Receivers in our brain? No, I am not saying we have a radio head.
In case of the human brain, we are not dealing with electromagnetic waves alone, but with a far more complex phenomenon. Mental communication appears to occur outside the electromagnetic spectrum - and crystals are also sensitive to non-electromagnetic radiation.
If we accept the notion that the consciousness of all living beings forms a planetary noosphere, and that biocrystals enable the brain to connect with this field - a reservoir of information, a kind of “cloud” - then they may indeed function as receivers of mental currents.
While biophysicists have begun studying the electromagnetic properties of brain sand, a vast spectrum of non-electromagnetic energies detected and converted by pineal crystals remains largely unexplored. This includes the universal cosmic force variously called gravitational waves, bioenergy, mass radiation, orgone, odic force, qi, prana, and more. Minerals - especially crystals – are among the best conductors of this energy spectrum.
...In the 1930s, US Navy engineer Thomas Townsend Brown, studying dielectrics in underground laboratories shielded from external forces, discovered the periodic appearance of spontaneous charge in certain minerals. The charge was small, but seemed to arise from “nowhere” - or from everywhere. Later interpreters described this as minerals were “pumping” energy from space.
These waves were not electromagnetic. They were not radio waves, light, heat, X-rays or gamma radiation. They were not ionizing. They were unaffected by Earth’s magnetic field or atmospheric conditions. Their penetrating power was so great that its limits remain unknown.
Only in recent decades, with the emergence of gravitational waves theory, has it become possible to hypothesize about the nature of this radiation. Soviet physicist Nikolai Kozyrev made significant contributions to this field in the 1970s.
There is evidence that these waves, with their extraordinary penetrating power, emanate most intensely from the centers of gravity - including the galactic core.
Perhaps ancient megalithic structures, built according to precise geometric principles, served as traps and amplifiers of these energies – playing for the Earth the same role that microcrystals play for the human body.
What appears to be “empty” space is permeated with energy – a turbulent sea of infinite waves - though our senses tell us otherwise. Spatial waves are the source of our life force and our consciousness.
Gravitational radiation penetrates the Earth continuously, from all directions. Gravity is far more than the force that keeps us grounded or moves planets in orbit. It is a complex interaction manifesting on many levels. What we call bioenergy is also a form of gravitational wave.
U.S. physicist and engineer Jerry Gallimore wrote that a certain frequency range of this energy carries biological information, and that all organic life - including humans – communicates within this range. He believed that the human consciousness itself became possible through these waves.
What do crystals have to do with this? Gallimore considered dielectric crystals the most effective detectors and amplifiers of gravitational waves - including those corresponding to bioenergy and psychic energy.
As Paracelsus is often said to have taught, the mind draws its light from the stars. Perhaps the thinkers of the Tradition were not far from the truth in viewing the pineal, with its microcrystals, as an intermediary between our physical being and spirit.
We will explore this further in the next chapter.
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THE SEAT OF THE SOUL
Detecting radiation beyond the visible spectrum is not the only remarkable ability of the pineal gland; there is much more to it.
Why did the Brahmins consider the pineal gland an organ of clairvoyance and the “middle eye of Shiva”? Why did the Freemasons call it the “All-Seeing Eye”? What was meant in Nordic myths by the “single eye of Odin” that penetrates all secrets; or by the “eye of the Lord, which sees all things” in the revelations of Jacob Boehme? And, finally, what did Jesus mean when he spoke about the eye illuminating the entire being: “If your eye is simple, your whole body will be bright” (Matthew 6:22)?
Leonardo da Vinci believed the pineal gland to be the dwelling place of the soul. The philosopher, physiologist, and mathematician Rene Descartes also considered it the “seat of the soul” and the location in the brain where thoughts are formed.
According to Descartes, the soul performs its immediate functions not in the heart or in the brain as a whole, but in a small gland situated at the very center of the brain. It is upon this gland, he believed, that the motions of sensation imprint themselves as images for the soul to perceive.
Although the pineal gland is an integral part of the brain, Descartes considered it independent in its functions. While other organs are governed by the “animal soul”, the pineal gland, he argued, is ruled by the Divine spirit alone. One of his arguments was that the pineal gland, unlike all other parts of the brain, is an unpaired organ - free of duality. (In this, Descartes was both right and wrong: the pineal is whole, yet it bears traces of a bipartite organ).
Interestingly, medieval Russian medicinal manuals also referred to the pineal as the “soul gland”.
Since spirit and soul are not confined to the three-dimensional space, the third eye has traditionally been regarded as a portal beyond ordinary space-time perception. Its activation has long been associated with clairvoyance, insights, communication with spiritual Guides, and visions arising outside the domain of regular sight.
Indian Brahmins recognized the unusual properties of the pineal and marked its projection between the eyebrows with a red dot – the Bindu. Medieval Christian monks shaved a circular tonsure on the crown, directly above the pineal. Originally, when the purpose of the tonsure was understood, it was very small and served as a meditative marker, much like the Bindu for yogis.
The tonsure was shaved at the location of the fontanelle - the pulsating spot on an infant’s crown, visible until the skull bones fuse. The fontanelle may be a distant reminder of our reptilian predecessors, whose parietal eye was covered only by a thin layer of skin. Although cranial sutures normally fuse by age five, in rare cases this gap never closes.
According to some Chinese treatises, Confucius was born with a noticeable indentation on the crown that remained throughout adulthood. Legends say this skull type was characteristic of other ancient Chinese patriarchs - the emperors Shen Nong and Fu Xi - and was considered a sign of heavenly origin.
If these myths reflect real phenomena, then Confucius and other Chinese legendary figures may simply have had an open fontanelle - a type of genetic mutation. Was this random? Or did this mutation allow their central endocrine system - the “Crystal Palace”, as the Taoists call it - greater access to the supraplanetary energies? Who can say?
Some people engaged in spiritual practices report structural changes in their skull. According to certain yogis, their parietal bones gradually thin or are replaced by more pliable connective tissue, reducing the shielding effect of the cranium on the pineal gland.
I cannot confirm or deny these claims, but my own experience gives me reason not to dismiss them. After years of spiritual practice, I noticed a small, pea;sized depression on the crown of my head, detectable by touch. I discovered it after feeling subtle tingling sensations in that spot.
At first the tingling was rare and faint, easily mistaken for random irritation. But over time it became more frequent, stronger and longer-lasting - especially during meditations. The sensations were never frightening or painful, though sometimes intense.
They felt like a tiny spring pressing upward from within, bringing a sense of release. I feel these tingling sensations even as I write this. I do not fully understand their source, but I suspect they may be bodily signals of transformations occurring in the pineal and other parts of the central endocrine system.
Of course, the pineal does not transform on its own - something compels the bioshell to rearrange itself when it no longer meets the demands of what is superior to it. How can we define that “something”?
According to the mystical Tradition, the “third eye” is not merely the anatomical pineal gland, but its subtle essence. Indeed, when the pineal gland is removed, people do not lose the ability to think, though they experience sleep disturbances, cognitive issues, and a sense of “losing oneself.”
The subtle essence of the pineal - its “spiritual imprint” - finds ways to compensate for the absence of its physical carrier by engaging other parts of the brain. Fortunately, the human body is built with a generous margin of redundancy; many organs overlap and duplicate functions.
Manly Hall , a Freemason scholar, called the pineal gland “a connecting link between human consciousness and the invisible worlds of Nature”.
In Melchizedek and the Mystery of Fire, he writes:
“This third eye is the Cyclopean eye of the ancients. It was the organ of conscious vision before ordinary eyes were formed; however, in those ancient times such seeing was more a means of knowledge than vision.”
Helena Blavatsky expressed a similar idea in The Secret Doctrine: “The pineal gland is not the third eye. It is only a reflection of this organ, its double. Even in deep sleep, the third eye remains open”.
European folklore preserved a tale of three sisters - One-Eye, Two-Eyes and Three-Eyes. The third sister possessed an eye that never slept and remained open when her other two eyes were closed. A fairy, her guardian, also had a third eye.
Was this a symbolic reference to an organ of vision that remains vigilant when ordinary senses rest? A hint of a supramaterial organ possessing omniscience?
The connection between the pineal gland and psychic phenomena remains largely mysterious, although since the 1990s it has attracted scientific attention. Psychiatrists became particularly interested in the pineal hormone dimethyltryptamine (DMT), known for producing unusual visual effects. Because of these properties, DMT has been called the “spirit molecule”.
Before continuing, I want to clarify my position on psychedelic and narcotic substances used for entertainment. I avoid them and advise others to do the same. The body can produce everything needed on the path of spiritual development internally, while external substances can cause significant harm to body and psyche.
Under certain conditions, DMT can be generated endogenously. Along with serotonin and melatonin, DMT is believed to be synthesized by the pineal gland.
Melatonin regulates sleep;wake cycles; serotonin is the “happiness hormone”; and DMT, the “spirit molecule,” shares with them a tryptamine structure composed of a pentagon and hexagon. This same geometric matrix appears in natural psychedelics such as bufotenine, ibogaine, and psilocybin. It is possible that the psychoactive properties of tryptamine derivatives arise from their geometric affinity with DNA — the union of Five and Six in the geometry of life, where matter meets spirit.
Although DMT is not produced exclusively by the pineal – it is also synthesized in the lungs, liver, eyes, and even skin - the brain has a particular affinity for the “spirit molecule”. While blocking many other substances, the brain freely admits DMT through the nearly impenetrable blood-brain barrier.
American psychiatrist Rick Strassman, who conducted clinical research with DMT, presented his findings in DMT: The Spirit Molecule . He proposed that surges of naturally occurring DMT—especially during prayer, meditation, and sleep—may give rise to dreams and mystical visions.
He also suggested that borderline visionary states might result from DMT released by the pineal gland. According to his volunteers, such experiences can involve blinding light, encounters with entities, ecstatic emotions, a loss of time, sensations of death and rebirth, and the sense of a powerful, loving intelligence.
Strassman arrived experimentally at a view similar to Descartes’: that the pineal is not merely a gland, but a window into other dimensions of consciousness. Strassman suggested that the pineal may act as a bridge between physical and nonmaterial processes, with endogenous DMT serving as a mediator. In this view, the release of DMT could make us aware of subtle movements that are normally beyond perception.
This supports the notion that psychoactive substances like DMT released by the body are only intermediaries between our informational, or spiritual, being and the physical one. DMT does not “cause visions” — it alters the settings of the pineal gland, perhaps involving the microcrystals discussed earlier. Psychedelics act like keys or channel switches, granting access to informational fields beyond space and time.
Our spiritual essence is multidimensional and interacts with countless parallel “channels” or life streams. In its realm, past, present, and future occur simultaneously; thus clairvoyance, prophecy, and insight pose no difficulty to the inner being.
The “key” belongs to our inner being. Under certain conditions, it turns this key in the “keyhole” of the pineal gland, determining how much and what kind of information a person is permitted to receive from higher or parallel channels. When this occurs, we may experience prophetic dreams, intuitive insights, or spiritual guidance. In everyday life, however, the being regulates production of DMT by secreting an inhibitor protein - what Strassman called “anti-DMT.”
An injection of synthetic DMT is akin to an intruder using a counterfeit key to enter a restricted system. This is dangerous, and it is no coincidence that nearly all human DMT experiments have now been discontinued.
On the other hand, the pineal gland’s ability to tune into noospheric channels can be trained by naturally increasing endogenous DMT, in conjunction with the development of other key elements of the central nervous system.
Many esoteric traditions describe moments when the pituitary center and the pineal gland begin to act in harmony. When these two subtle organs come into resonance, a person may experience brief flashes of inner vision or heightened perception. According to Manly Hall, such coordination does not arise casually; it requires years of disciplined spiritual practice and careful preparation of both body and mind.
In the next chapter, we will explore practices historically used in the Tradition of wisdom to awaken the pineal gland - and how they are being reintroduced into contemporary culture.
AWAKENING THE EYE OF UNITY
“The revival of the human soul is largely a physiological question”.
Manly Hall
“Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic”.
Arthur Clarke
In his book The Sufis, Idris Shah mentions the alternation of light and darkness in a dervish exercise. In another chapter, The Secret Language, he suggests that certain Masonic rituals may have originated from the Sufi practices. Although Shah does not reveal the details, it is likely that these rituals involved techniques used for thousands of years in the Tradition to awaken the pineal gland – techniques in which two elements play a central role - light and darkness. The pineal - the eye into other dimensions – has been the focus of numerous spiritual practices designed to initiate neurochemical processes that activated it.
One of the simplest of these practices uses a flickering flame. The simplest source of flickering light is a candle. In my experience, meditating on a candle flame can significantly enhance the faculty of non-physical vision.
Humanity likely discovered long ago that alternating light and shadow at certain frequencies can awaken a special organ of perception. Priests and shamans may have induced extraordinary states of consciousness - for healing, prophecy, or divination - using flickering flames.
What does flickering light do to the pineal? Perhaps a specific frequency induced in the gland’s light-sensitive cells causes this entire organ to shift into to a different vibrational mode. Manly Hall hints at this in one of his works:
“At one end of this small gland there is a finger-like protrusion. Certain exercises prescribed in both the Eastern and Western occult traditions to those who are mature enough to perform them cause this finger to vibrate with incredible frequency...”
The pineal gland appears to respond with resonance to certain external frequencies, and flickering light may act as such a pacemaker.
In the 2nd century CE, the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy discovered that placing an observer before a spinning wheel with sunlight flashing through its spokes could induce visions of unusual shapes and colors, along with a feeling of euphoria.
This phenomenon resurfaced and drew the attention of scientists in the 1940s, when British neurophysiologist W. Grey Walter – known for discovering theta brain waves and inventing the electroencephalogram - named it the flicker phenomenon. Walter found that rhythmically flashing light altered brain-wave activity, producing deep relaxation and vivid, colorful visual imagery.
In the 1960s, Walter’s research inspired artist Brion Gysin and mathematician Ian Sommerville to create a device Gysin called The Dreamachine. It was quite simple and consisted of a rotating cardboard cylinder with slits cut into its sides and a 100-watt light bulb inside. At 45-78 revolutions per minute, the device produced flicker at approximately 8-13 Hz – the frequency of alpha brain waves. (One revolution produced multiple flashes due to the pattern of slits.)
Early Dreamachines resembled patterned bronze lamps from the Maghreb. Gysin, who spent a third of his life in Morocco, was inspired by the geometric visions he experienced there.
Gysin described the Dreamachine as a rotating cylinder whose stroboscopic flicker passes through closed eyelids. At certain speeds, this flicker interacts with the brain’s alpha rhythms — a phenomenon confirmed by early EEG studies. Many users reported brilliant, shifting fields of color forming into intricate geometric patterns and multidimensional structures.
The 8–13 Hz range corresponds to the brain’s alpha rhythms. Gysin conceived the Dreamachine after an unusual experience on a bus to Marseille. As the setting sun flickered through a line of roadside trees, he closed his eyes — and behind his eyelids, a torrent of brilliant colors erupted. He described it as a swirling, multidimensional kaleidoscope that seemed to lift him out of time and into a realm of pure number and pattern. The vision vanished the moment the bus left the tree;lined avenue.
As in Ptolemy’s experiments, the key factors causing the hypnagogic state (the borderline between dreaming and waking) during this incident were bright sunlight and closed eyes. The rapid flicker set the frequency of Gysin’s brain waves, generating the Yantra-like visions that astonished him.
According to Gysin, the Dreamachine allowed a person to see “everything that can be, has been, and will ever be seen.” The visions were not random; they were symbols of sacred geometry, and Jungian archetypes stored in humanity’s collective unconscious.
Gysin wrote that the flicker opened access to a vast inner treasury from which artists and craftsmen have drawn for centuries. In the rapid cascade of images, he noted that people often recognized crosses, stars, halos, and endlessly repeating geometric forms — patterns reminiscent of pre;Columbian textiles, Islamic carpets, ceramic tilework, and the abstract art of many eras.
One cannot help noticing that the images produced by stroboscopic flicker resembles those reported in experiments with externally administered DMT, the “spirit molecule”. This may indicate the pineal gland’s involvement in generating these visions.
Perhaps the Dreamachine’s flicker influences the pineal gland in a way that shifts its biochemical activity, creating conditions more favorable for producing endogenous DMT.
Psychiatrist Rick Strassman wrote that several biological factors regulate how much DMT the pineal can produce — including enzymatic pathways, metabolic defenses, and cellular mechanisms that normally limit its formation. Under certain circumstances, he suggests, these barriers may be reduced, allowing the gland to generate higher levels of this naturally occurring psychedelic compound and opening the door to altered states of consciousness.
Gysin’s Dreamachine used a simple strobe principle. Two decades later, Austrian neuropsychologists Engelbert Winkler and Dirk Proeckl expanded on it by creating a device that combined multiple harmonics of flickering light with a continuous light source. They called it Lucia Light No. 3.
Having experienced a near-death state at age seven, Winkler devoted his life to studying such states and analyzing the practices that induce them in shamanic and esoteric traditions. His research culminated in the development of Lucia Light, intended to awaken dormant aspects of consciousness.
Like the Dreamachine, Lucia Light stimulates and harmonizes brain waves - primarily in the alpha- and theta ranges - through bright flickering light directed into closed eyes. Two parallel streams of light, continuous and flickering, penetrate into the central region of the brain where the pineal gland is located, and their influence spreads throughout the nervous system. Subjects temporarily achieve combinations of brain-wave harmonics typically observed in people who have practiced spiritual disciplines for years.
So is this the way to do it? No need for a shaman or a fire in an unsanitary cave?
We live in extraordinary times, witnessing the merging of esoteric knowledge with neuroscience and advanced technology. Researchers exploring the potential of consciousness at the intersection of mysticism and neuropsychology are sometimes called biohackers. I like this apt term, reflecting certain adventurism of their attempts to “breakthrough to the Other Side”.
That said, these devices can cause negative effects in people with epilepsy or nervous disorders, as well as in children. This is why they are not mass-produced but used by trained specialists in professional settings.
Still, the biohacker approach has its positive aspects. Machines like Lucia Light can offer a glimpse of our true potential, pushing us out of the illusory Matrix – albeit briefly. Yet it goes without saying that this potential – and the ability to control it – can only be realized through inner transformation.
Flickering light is just one of many approaches to awakening the organ of extraordinary vision. Paradoxically, the primary method used since ancient times involves not light, but darkness.
This will be our next topic.
ENLIGHTENMENT BY DARKNESS
Dar tariki Tariqat.
“In the darkness, the Path”.
This paradoxical Sufi aphorism plays on the words tarik - “darkness” - and Tariqa - “the Path”, or “Sufi order”. Its meaning is layered. Among other things, it points to a method used for millennia in the Schools of Knowledge: prolonged exposure to darkness as a means of awakening a dormant organ of perception.
...Once, I had the opportunity to visit a tekkiya - a dervish meeting place - located atop a mountain range in the jungles of South America. Sufi Teacher Omar Ali-Shah named Dariya-Nur, “The Sea of Light”. The tekkiya included an underground chamber completely isolated from light, where I spent many hours in meditation, sometimes alone. It was there that I experienced one of the most intense episodes of “supraphysical vision” in my life — and understood why this darkest place was called “The Sea of Light.”
The essence of this paradox is captured in the opening stanza of the Tao Te Ching: “In the darkest of the dark is the gateway to everything wonderful”.
My experience in the underground tekkiya was not a full Sufi chilla or khilwat, which involves solitary contemplation in a dark chamber for an extended period - from three to forty days. In historical dervish residences (khanaqa) one can still find these special light-sealed cells. We encountered many during our pilgrimages through Uzbekistan, Iran, Egypt, and the Balkans.
The great 12th-century Sufi Master Ahmad Yasawi - whose followers remain in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Volga region – is said to have spent the final years of his life in complete darkness in an underground cell. Having once entered “the gateway to everything wonderful”, he chose never to return to the world under the sun. Yasawi’s cell still exists in the Kazakh town of Turkestan, which we once visited.
What is the secret power of darkness?
The Sufis were not alone in using its force to awaken the hidden source of inward vision and knowledge. The famed stronghold of the Scottish Templars - the Rosslyn Chapel - consists of two parts: an upper sanctuary filled with light and ornate carvings, and a lower crypt, plain and ascetic. According to our Scottish guide, it was in this hidden crypt, in complete darkness, that the Templars held their meetings. Why?
Visita Interiora Terrae Rectificando Occultum Lapidem is a catchphrase of the alchemists, both a metaphor and instruction: “Descend into the bowels of the earth and, through purification, obtain the Secret Stone”.
If the Scottish Templars truly “descended into the bowels of the earth” for their secret rituals, they were not unique. At Chartres Cathedral in France, our guide told us that the Masons who built this extraordinary temple also used the underground crypt for their gatherings. He even led us into those dark chambers, never touched by sunlight.
A clue to the nature of these rituals survived in modern Masonic practices, even though the order in general lost the understanding of their essence. Masons of the first and second degrees hold their meetings in daylight, but initiation into the third - the highest - degree occurs in complete darkness. The explanation given is: “The eye should not be allowed to see, until the heart sees the true nature of secrets”.
Yet a brief exposure to darkness - during a meeting or a solitary meditation – is not enough to produce significant results. How long does it take to open the “eye of the heart” and “purify the Secret Stone”?
For the Druids, the ritual passage through darkness lasted nine days and nights. In the Greek mysteries, it lasted three times nine days. In the Tibetan Dzogchen tradition, students remained in the “dark chamber” for up to seven weeks, entering a state between existence and non-existence – bardo - where visions arose from the depths of the heart. The Bardo Thodol (Tibetan Book of the Dead) – is believed to have been compiled from such visions.
At a workshop on sacred geometry, Drunvalo Melchizedek, author of the book Flower of Life, once shared a conversation he had with leaders of the Kogi, an Indigenous tribe of Colombia. The Kogi told him that if people could spend nine days standing in complete darkness, without food or water, they would enter the sacred space of the heart.
Such a feat is unimaginable for most modern people, so Drunvalo did not include it in his teachings, but he agreed with the timing. Nine days in the darkness, he said, is the minimum required for “the biochemistry of enlightenment” to start working.
This is similar to alchemy: the retort must remain in darkness for a precise period - no more, no less – or the transformation will fail.
Over the years since that workshop with Drunvalo, I have repeatedly encountered references to this “biochemistry of enlightenment,” and I now understand more clearly what he meant.
While the absence of light heightens hearing, touch, and psychic sensitivity, the most profound transformation occurs in the central endocrine system — especially in the pineal gland. Darkness triggers neurochemical processes in the pineal, the “seat of the soul” linking spirit and body.
The first sign showing that this tiny but important organ started its activation is often photisms, as reported by people who spend long periods in caves or dark chambers.
Over time, something deeper occurs: prolonged darkness initiates the synthesis and accumulation of specific substances in the pineal gland – substances which act as keys opening the “door” of the third eye to other dimensions. Mantak Chia, a teacher of Taoist internal alchemy, describes this in his Darkness Technology.
Trained in both Western medicine and ancient Chinese practices, Mantak Chia outlines the biochemical effects of advanced Taoist “dark retreats”, conducted in silence and total absence of light. His booklet Darkness Technology serves as a practical guide for such retreats.
According to Chia, during the first three days of darkness, the pineal gland releases increased amounts of melatonin, the “sleep molecule” that regulates daily and seasonal rhythms. Natural melatonin is produced in darkness and suppressed by light. As melatonin rises, the body relaxes and sleep deepens. Children produce more melatonin than adults; with age, production declines, contributing to poorer sleep and reduced recuperation.
Most modern people are chronically sleep;deprived. When placed in complete darkness, they first catch up on rest. Those who have undergone dark retreats report unusually long, deep sleep during the first two or three days. If a person ends the retreat at this stage, they at least emerge well;rested. (Dark rooms are even used therapeutically for nervous and mental disorders.)
“According to our observations,” writes Mantak Chia, “people become less active during the initial period of retreat... They are relaxed, but at the same time are in a state of heightened awareness. After a couple of weeks, they require very little sleep per night, and even this sleep usually occurs in a state of continuous awareness.”
Beginning on the fourth or fifth day, melatonin levels decrease — but the brain begins transforming excess melatonin into something more alchemical.
Neurochemists suggest that under certain conditions, melatonin is converted into related hormones: pinoline, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and 5;methoxy;DMT — powerful psychedelics that open the pineal portal to parallel and higher realities normally beyond perception.
American biophysicist Cliff Pickover proposed that the brain functions as a kind of perceptual filter, and that substances like DMT may temporarily expand access to otherwise hidden layers of reality.
According to Pickover, our ancestors generally produced more DMT than us, and had more spiritual insights, while current living conditions, including the dominance of artificial lighting, suppress the production of DMT. If so, the impact of darkness on pineal alchemy becomes even more intriguing.
Apparently, the transformation of the melatonin produced by the pineal gland into psychedelic substances is not something unusual for our body. In the 1980s, neurochemist James Callaway hypothesized that the pineal gland may synthesize endogenous tryptamines such as DMT, pinoline, and 5;methoxy;DMT, and that their production increases at the onset of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, when dreaming begins.
A special note should be made about pinoline. Although not a psychedelic itself, pinoline plays an essential role in opening the “gates to the other worlds.” Pinoline neutralizes the so-called “anti-DMT” - the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), which decomposes the “spirit molecule” into spare parts. Thanks to MAO, the “gate guardian”, we remain anchored in physical reality and do not wander into other realms at will.
MAO enables survival, but keeps the gates closed to awareness of realities beyond it. This aligns with Franz Kafka’s idea that life constantly distracts our attention, and we don’t even have time to notice from what exactly.
Pinoline removes the guardian who protects the gate to the Infinite, allowing the “key” of DMT to turn freely in the “epiphysis door”. This is a natural process that occurs every night during dreaming: the pineal converts melatonin into pinoline (which neutralizes MAO), and into DMT (which allows the spirit to disconnect from the body and reconnect with Unity).
With prolonged darkness, this alchemical process become continuous. According to those who have undergone dark retreats with Mantak Chia, from about the fourth day onward, altered perceptions arise due to the natural formation of the DMT-pinoline complex. One participant who repeatedly entered dark retreats described it as though “the inner walls that had always enclosed the mind were suddenly gone”.
Remarkably, this same biochemical combination was discovered — by some unknown inspiration — by Amazonian shamans in the brew known as ayahuasca.
“Aya” in local languages means “spirit”; “huasca” means wine.
Herbal DMT is easily extracted from certain types of vines, but drinking it alone is ineffective because it is quickly broken down in the digestive system by MAOs, the “gate guardians.”
Miraculously, Amazonian shamans centuries ago learned how to get around this problem by adding extracts of other plants containing pinoline, which suppressed MAO. In this way, they obtained an herbal visionary mixture, which is a close analogue of the hormonal combination produced endogenously by the human pineal gland. Neurochemist James Callaway humorously labeled this combination “endohuasca”.
However, ayahuasca is an unreliable, physically unpleasant, and potentially harmful way to “break on through to the Other Side”, as Jim Morrison sang. This makes the natural formation of endohuasca in darkness far more compelling.
During the first week of light deprivation, perception changes: geometric shapes, mandalas of unearthly colors, and images of spiritual teachers, angels, Guides, totem animals, deities, or demons may appear.
Unrefined energies from the subconscious may manifest as dull or murky colors. Some visions may be disturbing. The task of the retreatant is to maintain mental discipline and continue inner purification — awareness, acceptance, and release of emotional burdens. Leaving the retreat at this stage merely postpones the deeper work.
After another week, the meditator may begin to perceive themselves not as flesh, but as a body of light. A participant in a 40;day retreat described the second week as a time when the inner world opened with astonishing clarity. She felt as though she were moving inside her own heart — vast, luminous, radiant with blinding white brilliance like a diamond lit from within. She perceived waves of light rising from her body: white radiance from the heart and head, deep red from the abdomen, shimmering golds and violets filling the room as though the darkness itself had begun to glow.
Didn’t you know?
It is your own light
that illuminates the worlds.
(Rumi)
Her body appeared transparent, threaded with sparkling luminosity. At night, the brightness sometimes felt so intense - like beams shining directly into her eyes - that sleep became elusive.
As the retreat moved into the third through sixth weeks, her perceptions shifted again. Her whole body sometimes hummed with vibration, and at times the room seemed to vibrate with her. Darkness no longer appeared as darkness; instead, she was surrounded by vivid, ever;changing colors, as though space itself had become a living field of light.
She described a profound sense of effortlessness — a recognition that everything unfolds in its own time, without the need to push or interfere. What mattered was stepping out of habitual mental patterns and resting in the sphere of Essence. She echoed the teaching that the universe is within, and that one may turn inward for whatever one seeks.
In the final week, her reflections grew even more subtle. She sensed with certainty that she was not the “doer,” that the movements of the mind were like an immersive panoramic film, while something deeper remained utterly still. Surrounded by pure violet and blue light sparkling like countless tiny diamonds, she felt her true consciousness expand into a boundless, sky;like presence permeating everything. It was, for her, a revelation of the vastness within.
The whole Universe is inside you.
Ask yourself for what you want.
(Rumi)
In Living in the Heart , Drunvalo Melchizedek teaches that when one enters the “Light of the Great Darkness,” life is irreversibly transformed: one remembers who one truly is, and life becomes a service to humanity.
I know my readers are thoughtful, grounded people — some even professionals in matters of psyche and spirit. But since this book may reach the occasional psychonaut, I must offer a warning:
In the esoteric schools mentioned earlier, only experienced disciples — those who had worked on themselves for years — were permitted to enter dark retreats. The retreat was supervised by a mentor or senior disciple. It is no coincidence that Masons reserved rituals in darkness for the highest initiates. Even Mantak Chia describes dark retreats as “advanced techniques.”
A dark retreat requires mental stability. Otherwise, the projections revealed to the participant would come not from their Higher Self, but from the cellar of their mind concealing suppressed emotions or unresolved painful situations from the past.
Being in the darkness while these lower energies take forms of live images before the person’s eyes can be traumatic for their already unstable psyche. Even a healthy person may be challenged, which is why the presence of an experienced guide is essential. In Sufi khilwat, the mentor always remained nearby to provide support.
And yet, as the Sufis say, “only those who taste know”.
;
EPILOGUE
I did not write this book to convince anyone of anything. The awakening of the inner eye felt to me like traveling through an unknown land without a map or a guide. I was trying to understand what was happening within me — searching for answers in both science and mystical traditions.
Here I have simply shared what I discovered along the way. I do not claim that my hand-drawn “map” of this journey is final or perfect.
If there is one thing I would like you to remember from this book, it is this:
the light you glimpse in meditation, or in darkness, or in a sacred place — that light is not symbolic. It is your own essence, shining through the cracks of perception. The real third eye - the pineal gland with its precious jewels - is only the doorway through which that essence makes itself known.
We live in a time when the world often feels fragmented and bewildering; yet, behind the veil of multiplicity there is a place where all things meet.
The Eye of Unity reminds us of this.
To awaken it is to remember that we all carry the same spark.
May this spark lead us back to the Oneness.
Calgary, Canada, 2026
Ñâèäåòåëüñòâî î ïóáëèêàöèè ¹226030902189